Games MDA

Source: SpringerLink

Caption: analogy of Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetics to Rules, System, Fun

The MDA framework (stands for Mechanics, Dynamics and Aesthetics) is a formal approach to understanding games. This methodology clarifies the iterative proccesses of many people, making it easier  for all parties to study and design a wide range of game designs and artifects. It was designed and introducted by Robin Hunicke (together with Marc LeBlanc and Robert Zubek).

The MDA formalizes the consumption of games, dividing them into it's distinct components:

• Rules
• System
• Fun

And establishing their design counterparts:

• Mechanics
• Dynamics
• Aesthetics

Mechanics: describes particular certain components of the games, at the level of data representation and algorithms. Mechanics is a collection of actions, behaviors and control mechanisms provided to the player.

Dynamics: describes the runtime behavior of the mechanics acting on the player's inputs and outputs. It works to create an aesthetic experience.

"Dynamics are the emergent behavior that arises from gameplay, when the mechanics are put into use" - Marc LeBlank

Aesthetics: describes the emotional responses (such as happyness or fear) evoked in the player when he or she interacts with the game.

In a nutshell, mechanics directly create dynamics which directly create aesthetic.

Readings:

• MDA: A Formal Approach To Game Design And Game Research
• Design, Dynamics & Experience (DDE) For Game Design

Video:

• Explaining The MDA Design Framework ǀ Video Game Design

Lívia Alencar